Indonesian Sentence Patterns of Five-Year-Old Children at Dharma Wanita Maperaha Kindergarten, Sawerigadi District, West Muna Regency
Pola Kalimat Bahasa Indonesia Anak Usia 5 Tahun di TK Dharma Wanita Maperaha Kecamatan Sawerigadi Kabupaten Muna Barat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36709/pesastra.v3i2.168Keywords:
sentence patterns, five-year-old children, Language acquisition, syntaxAbstract
The ability to construct sentences is a key indicator of syntactic development in early childhood language acquisition, particularly in bilingual environments where children negotiate the use of a local language and Indonesian. This study aims to describe the Indonesian sentence patterns produced by five-year-old children at Dharma Wanita Maperaha Kindergarten (TK Dharma Wanita Maperaha), Sawerigadi District (Kecamatan Sawerigadi), West Muna Regency (Kabupaten Muna Barat). This research employed a qualitative descriptive field design. The data consisted of children's oral utterances obtained from nine five-year-old children through observation, note-taking, and audio recording. The data were transcribed, reduced, classified, and analyzed using syntactic function analysis based on the categories of subject and predicate in Indonesian grammar. The findings show three major patterns: Subject (S), Predicate (P), and Subject-Predicate (S-P). Predicate-centered utterances were the most dominant, indicating that children tend to prioritize actions, commands, prohibitions, or communicative intentions while omitting explicit subjects. Subject-only utterances appeared as nominal or pronominal fragments, whereas S-P utterances showed the emergence of minimal complete clauses. The study concludes that the syntactic development of five-year-old children in this context is still dominated by elliptical and context-dependent structures, but it has moved toward the formation of more complete clauses. The scientific contribution of this study lies in proposing a three-layer mapping of early Indonesian syntax in a bilingual kindergarten context: nominal topic fragments, predicate-centered elliptical utterances, and emerging minimal clauses.
Downloads
References
Alwi, H., Dardjowidjojo, S., Lapoliwa, H., & Moeliono, A. M. (2010). Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia [Standard Grammar of the Indonesian Language] (3rd ed.). Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa (Language Development and Fostering Agency). (In Indonesian)
Bloom, L. (1970). Language development: Form and function in emerging grammars. MIT Press.
Brown, R. (1973). A first language: The early stages. Harvard University Press.
Bruner, J. S. (1983). Child's talk: Learning to use language. W. W. Norton.
Chaer, A. (2003). Psikolinguistik: Kajian teoretik [Psycholinguistics: A theoretical study]. Rineka Cipta. (In Indonesian)
Chaer, A. (2014). Linguistik umum [General linguistics]. Rineka Cipta. (In Indonesian)
Chan, D. M. (2018). Pola kalimat bahasa Indonesia anak usia 3,0–4,0 tahun [Indonesian sentence patterns in children aged 3.0–4.0 years]. Jurnal Kajian Bahasa dan Anak Usia Dini (Journal of Language Studies and Early Childhood), 4(2), 112–123. (In Indonesian)
Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. MIT Press.
Clark, E. V. (2009). First language acquisition (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Dardjowidjojo, S. (2000). Echa: Kisah pemerolehan bahasa anak Indonesia [Echa: The story of Indonesian child language acquisition]. Grasindo. (In Indonesian)
Fadlillah, M. (2014). Desain pembelajaran PAUD: Tinjauan teoretik dan praktik [Early childhood education learning design: Theoretical and practical review]. Ar-Ruzz Media. (In Indonesian)
Firman. (2008). Psikolinguistik: Kajian teori dan penelitian [Psycholinguistics: Theory and research study]. Alfabeta. (In Indonesian)
Hamidah. (2018). Perkembangan bahasa anak usia dini dalam lingkungan sosial [Early childhood language development in social environments]. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak (Journal of Child Education), 5(2), 45–53. (In Indonesian)
Hoff, E. (2014). Language development (5th ed.). Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Indriyani, S. (2022). Perkembangan kemampuan berbicara menggunakan bahasa Indonesia pada anak usia 5–6 tahun di TK Setia Kasih [Development of speaking ability using Indonesian in children aged 5–6 years at Setia Kasih Kindergarten]. Jurnal Persada Khatulistiwa, 5(1), 67–76. (In Indonesian)
Kridalaksana, H. (2007). Pembentukan kata dalam bahasa Indonesia [Word formation in the Indonesian language]. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. (In Indonesian)
Lestari, T. (2022). Perkembangan bahasa anak dalam perspektif psikologi pendidikan [Child language development from the perspective of educational psychology]. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Perkembangan Anak (Journal of Child Education and Development), 7(1), 12–20. (In Indonesian)
Mansur. (2005). Pendidikan anak usia dini dalam Islam [Early childhood education in Islam]. Pustaka Pelajar. (In Indonesian)
Marafad, L. O. S. (2012). Sintaksis bahasa Indonesia [Indonesian syntax]. Unhalu Press. (In Indonesian)
Nasution, R., & Asrindah. (2021). Pemerolehan bahasa pertama pada anak usia dini [First language acquisition in early childhood]. Jurnal Linguistik Terapan (Journal of Applied Linguistics), 4(1), 25–34. (In Indonesian)
Owens, R. E. (2012). Language development: An introduction (8th ed.). Pearson.
Piaget, J. (1959). The language and thought of the child. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Safira, D., Rahmawati, N., & Nuraini, L. (2021). Analisis penerapan metode tanya jawab dalam perkembangan bahasa anak [Analysis of the application of the question-and-answer method in children's language development]. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (Scientific Journal of Early Childhood Education Students), 6(1), 45–56. (In Indonesian)
Santrock, J. W. (2011). Child development (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Suyadi. (2010). Psikologi belajar PAUD [Early childhood education learning psychology]. Pedagogia. (In Indonesian)
Tarigan, H. G. (1988). Pengajaran pemerolehan bahasa [Teaching language acquisition]. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Department of Education and Culture). (In Indonesian)
Tomasello, M. (2003). Constructing a language: A usage-based theory of language acquisition. Harvard University Press.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
