Ujaran Kebencian di Media Sosial dalam Perspektif Linguistik Forensik: Kajian Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36709/pesastra.v3i4.184Keywords:
ujaran kebencian, media sosial, linguistik forensik, pragmatik, bukti digitalAbstract
Ujaran kebencian di media sosial tidak selalu tampil sebagai kata kasar, tetapi dapat terbentuk melalui rujukan identitas, tindak tutur, konteks percakapan, dan unsur visual. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan kontribusi linguistik forensik dalam menganalisis ujaran kebencian digital serta merumuskan unsur pemeriksaan yang relevan bagi pembuktian. Penelitian menggunakan kajian literatur kualitatif terarah terhadap artikel ilmiah, buku, dokumen kebijakan, dan peraturan yang relevan, terutama terbitan 2016–2025. Data dianalisis melalui pembacaan, pengodean tematik, dan sintesis konseptual secara sistematis untuk menemukan hubungan antartema. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ujaran kebencian perlu dibedakan dari kritik dan ujaran kasar dengan mempertimbangkan sasaran identitas, bentuk leksikal dan gramatikal, fungsi pragmatik, serta risiko diskriminasi. Penafsiran juga memerlukan konteks percakapan, unsur multimodal, dan dokumentasi bukti digital yang dapat ditelusuri. Sistem deteksi otomatis membantu penyaringan awal, tetapi belum menggantikan pemeriksaan manusia. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa analisis linguistik forensik harus kontekstual, transparan, dan membatasi kesimpulan pada bukti kebahasaan tanpa mengambil alih penilaian hukum.
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